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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sovtends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современные тенденции в строительстве, градостроительстве и планировке территорий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1835</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-3-9-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LKKTPD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sovtends-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные конструкции, здания и сооружения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building constructions, buildings and engineering structures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация нагруженности элементов балки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimisation of Beam Member Loading</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Павлович Попов, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры теоретической механики</p><p>640020, г. Курган, ул. Советская, 63/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor P. Popov, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Theoretical Mechanics Department</p><p>63/4, Sovetskaya Str., Kurgan, 640020</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uralakademia@kurganstalmost.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Курганский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kurgan State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов И.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov I.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.stsg-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/110">https://www.stsg-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/110</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Отмечено, что наибольшей несущей способностью обладают двутавровые балки. Вместе с тем из-за широкого распространения и доступности трубопроката в практике нередко используют трубчатые балки. Сравнение этих балок по несущей способности следует проводить при условии их равной массы на погонный метр. Сравнивается двутавр по ГОСТу Р 57837–2017, масса погонного метра которого составляет 194 кг, и трубу по ГОСТу 33228–2015 с показателем 194 кг/м. Несущая способность двутавровой балки почти вдвое выше, чем трубчатой. Есть информация о трубобетонных балках, в частности с преднапряженной нижней частью бетонного ядра. Стальная труба в таких балках играет роль внешней арматуры — экзоарматуры. Несущая способность трубобетонных балок весьма значительна при их невысокой себестоимости и хорошей технологичности. Целью настоящей работы является повышение несущей способности трубчатых балок, что позволит расширить ассортимент строительных изделий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Используется методика геометрической оптимизации и мысленного эксперимента. Идея использовать жидкий наполнитель для трубчатой балки опирается на известное свойство жидкости — ее практическую несжимаемость. Геометрическое длинномерное тело, боковая поверхность которого имеет прямолинейную образующую, обладает максимальным объемом (при заданной боковой поверхности), если его поперечное сечение имеет форму круга, что соответствует круглой трубе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Трубчатая балка с жидким наполнителем (гидравлическая балка) представляет собой заглушенную с обоих концов круглую трубу, полностью (без воздушных полостей) заполненную жидкостью. При нагружении гидравлической балки ее боковая поверхность стремится деформироваться. Следовательно, внутренний объем трубы стремится к уменьшению. Но, поскольку жидкость несжимаема, она не допускает уменьшения объема, что, в свою очередь, препятствует деформации трубы.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. В гидравлической балке вся нагрузка благодаря жидкости относительно равномерно распределяется по всей внутренней поверхности балки. Получена оценка, состоящая в пятикратном превышении несущей способности гидравлической балки по сравнению с двутавровой балкой и в десятикратном — по сравнению с трубчатой балкой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The I-beams are deemed to have the highest load-bearing capacity. However, in practice, due to wide spreading and affordability of pipe-rolling products, the tubular beams are being used quite often. The load-bearing capacity of these beams should be compared under the condition of their equal mass per running meter. An I-beam according to the GOST R 57837-2017 with the mass of running meter equal to 194 kg and a pipe according to the GOST 33228-2015 with the mass of 194 kg/m have been compared. The load-bearing capacity of an I-beam was almost twice as high as that of a tubular beam. The data about the concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) beams, including the ones with the prestressed concrete core at the bottom, is also provided. In such beams, a steel pipe works as an external reinforcement — exo-reinforcement. The load-bearing capacity of the CFST beams is quite considerable taking into account their low cost and good processability. The present research aims at increasing the load-bearing capacity of the tubular beams, which will expand the range of the construction products.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The geometric optimisation and mental experiment methods have been used. The idea of using the fluid filling material for a tubular beam is based on the well-known property of fluid — its almost complete incompressibility. The maximum volume of a geometric long body with the rectilinear generatrix of lateral surface (for a given lateral surface) is reached if its cross-section has the shape of a circle, which corresponds to a round pipe.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A tubular beam with the fluid filling material (a hydraulic beam) is a round pipe blanked off at both ends, completely filled with fluid (without air pockets). When a hydraulic beam is loaded, its lateral surface tends to deform. Consequently, the internal volume of the pipe tends to decrease. However, since fluid is incompressible, its volume doesn’t decrease, which, in turn, prevents the pipe from deformation.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. In a hydraulic beam, due to fluid, the entire load is distributed relatively evenly over the whole internal surface of a beam. The load-bearing capacity of a hydraulic beam has been estimated, which is five times higher than that of an I-beam and ten times higher than that of a tubular beam.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трубчатая балка</kwd><kwd>двутавровая балка</kwd><kwd>гидравлическая балка</kwd><kwd>жидкий наполнитель</kwd><kwd>полость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tubular beam</kwd><kwd>I-beam</kwd><kwd>hydraulic beam</kwd><kwd>fluid filling material</kwd><kwd>air pocket</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng G, Tian C, Wu J, Guo Z. Ultrasonic Stress Test of Concrete I-Beam Based on Singular Value Decomposition. Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science Edition). 2020;36(2):212–219. https://doi.org/10.11717/j.issn:2095-1922.2020.02.03</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng G, Tian C, Wu J, Guo Z. 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