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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sovtends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современные тенденции в строительстве, градостроительстве и планировке территорий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1835</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-4-74-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RQRKID</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sovtends-133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные материалы и изделия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building materials and products</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние окружающей среды на процесс «слеживания»  в многокомпонентных зеленых цементах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Caking” Process in Green Cement Composites under the Impact of Environment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-9458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халюшев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalyushev</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Каюмович Халюшев, доцент кафедры технологического инжиниринга и экспертизы в строительной индустрии</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander K. Khalyushev, Cand.Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Technological Engineering and Expertise in the Construction Industry Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khaljushev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3383-5014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесниченко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnichenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Андреевна Колесниченко, студентка дорожно-транспортного факультета, кафедры экономики природопользования и кадастра</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Kolesnichenko, Student of the Road Transport Faculty, the Environmental Economics and Cadastre Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaisalena57@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Халюшев А.К., Колесниченко Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халюшев А.К., Колесниченко Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khalyushev A.K., Kolesnichenko E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.stsg-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/133">https://www.stsg-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/133</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблемы ресурсо- и энергосбережения при производстве цемента и бетонов на их основе играют в мире большое значение. Важным направлением в решении этих проблем является разработка зеленых цементов, что содержат в своем составе разные минеральные добавки природного и техногенного происхождения. Достоинства зеленых цементов в сравнении с клинкерными цементами раскрываются также с позиций, как экологического фактора — снижение выбросов в атмосферу углекислого газа, применение побочных продуктов промышленности, так и технического — улучшение технологических свойств бетонных смесей, улучшение физико-механических и эксплуатационных свойств бетонов. В тоже время замена клинкерной составляющей портландцемента минеральными компонентами приводит к изменению физико-механических свойств цемента в том числе при взаимодействии с окружающей средой на процесс «слёживания». Исследования в статье направлены на изучение влияния длительного хранения без добавочных цементов и многокомпонентных зеленых цементов в условиях свободного обмена с окружающей средой на физико-механические свойства цементного камня.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При проведении экспериментов применяли различные типы цементов. Многокомпонентные зеленые цементы получали в лаборатории совместным помолом со шлаком и золой-унос соответственно. Для улучшения процесса помола и замедления процесса сорбции в состав многокомпонентных зеленых цементов вводили добавку для интенсификации помола. Влияние окружающей среды на процесс сорбции цементов оценивали с помощью измерения косвенных параметров: удельной поверхности, угла естественного откоса, насыпной плотности и прочности при сжатии цементного камня.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что удельная поверхность проб цемента, хранившихся на открытом воздухе в течение 30 дней вследствие процесса «слеживания» значительно снижается для цементов первого типа в среднем на 25 %, а для многокомпонентных зеленых цементов этот процесс происходит менее интенсивно и составляет 15 %. Схожая закономерность наблюдается при измерении угла естественного откоса и насыпной плотности. Уменьшение угла естественного откоса и высокие значения насыпной плотности для цемента первого типа связаны с активной сорбцией влаги из окружающей среды, которая приводит к образованию гидратных «мостиков» при взаимном контакте частиц. Снижение предела прочности при сжатии образцов цементного камня, испытанных в возрасте 28 суток твердения по сравнению с контрольными образцами, происходит в среднем на 25–30 % для цементов первого типа, и в меньшей степени на 15–20 % это наблюдается для многокомпонентных зеленых цементов.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. При хранении цемента разных типов в условиях свободного обмена с окружающей средой происходит сорбция влаги и на поверхности частиц образуются гидратные «мостики». Этот процесс происходит более интенсивно для цементов первого типа, так как поверхность частиц очень активна и соответственно быстрей гидратирует, что и отражается на снижении его активности на 30 %. Вместе с тем значительно меньше теряют активность на 20 % многокомпонентные зеленые цементы. Данная закономерность объясняется менее активной поверхностью частиц минеральных добавок присутствующих в составе, а также введением в состав добавки – интенсификатора помола.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problems of resource and energy saving during production of cements and concretes on their basis are of great importance in the world. An important trend in solving these problems is the development of green cements, which contain various mineral additives of natural and anthropogenic origin. The advantages of the green cements compared to the clinker-based cements are revealed from both the environmental point of view — reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, use of the industrial by-products, and the technical point of view — improvement of the technological properties of concrete mixes, improvement of the physical, mechanical and operational properties of con[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]cretes. At the same time, replacement of the clinker component in Portland cement by the mineral components leads to the change of the physical and mechanical properties of cement, including that taking place during the “caking” process in conditions of interaction with the environment. The research presented in the paper aims at studying the effect of long-term storage of plain cements and green cement composites in conditions of free interaction with the environment on the physical and mechanical properties of the cement stone.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Various types of cements were used in the experiments. Green cement composites were obtained in the laboratory by intergrinding with the slag and fly-ash respectively. To improve the grinding process and inhibit the sorption process, a grinding intensifying agent was added into the composition of green cement composites. The impact of the environment on the cement sorption process was assessed by measuring indirect parameters: specific surface area, angle of natural repose, bulk density and cement stone compressive strength.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The obtained results indicate that the specific surface area of cement samples stored in the open air for 30 days reduces significantly due to the “caking” process, on average by 25% in type I cements, whereas in green cement composites this process is less intense and amounts to 15%. A similar consistent pattern is observed when measuring the angle of repose and bulk density. The decrease in the angle of repose and high values of bulk density for type I cement are related to the active sorption of moisture from the environment, which leads to the formation of hydrate “bridges” upon interaction of particles. Compared to the control samples, the compressive strength in the cement stone samples tested at the age of 28 days of curing decreases on average by 25–30% in type I cements and by a less extent of 15–20% in green cement composites.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. When storing different types of cement in conditions of free interaction with the environment, moisture is sorbed and the hydrate “bridges” are formed on the surface of the particles. This process goes more intensely in type I cement due to the highly active surfaces of its particles, which hydrate faster, resulting in a decrease of cement activity by 30%. At the same time, the green cement composites lose their activity less significantly – by 20%. This consistent pattern can be explained by the less active surfaces of the particles of mineral additives included into the composition, as well as by addition of a grinding intensifying agent into a composition.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутогезия</kwd><kwd>угол естественного откоса</kwd><kwd>многокомпонентные зеленые цементы</kwd><kwd>удельная поверхность</kwd><kwd>слеживание</kwd><kwd>прочность при сжатии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autohesion</kwd><kwd>angle of natural repose</kwd><kwd>green cement composites</kwd><kwd>specific surface area</kwd><kwd>caking</kwd><kwd>compressive  strengt</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Z, Zhu X, Wang J, Mu Mulan, Wang Yuli. Comparison of CO2 Emissions from OPC and Recycled Cement Production. 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