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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sovtends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современные тенденции в строительстве, градостроительстве и планировке территорий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1835</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-1-27-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZBEPOK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sovtends-86</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Основания и фундаменты, подземные сооружения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Footings and foundations, subsurface structures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор зарубежного опыта инженерной защиты морских берегов  и склонов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Foreign Experience Review on Engineering Protection of Seashores and Hillslopes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-2817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альберт Юрьевич Прокопов, заведующий кафедрой «Инженерная геология, основания и фундаменты», доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>ScopusID: 57194459519ResearcherID: AAG-6194-2020</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albert Yu. Prokopov, Dr.Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Head of the Engineering Geology, Footings and Foundations Department</p><p>ScopusID: 57194459519ResearcherID: AAG-6194-2020</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokopov72@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адоньев</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adoniev</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Александрович Адоньев, аспирант кафедры «Инженерная геология, основания и фундаменты» </p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita A. Adoniev, PhD Student of the Engineering Geology, Footings and Foundations Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitaad1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Донской государственный технический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Don State Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокопов А.Ю., Адоньев Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокопов А.Ю., Адоньев Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokopov A.Y., Adoniev N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.stsg-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/86">https://www.stsg-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/86</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При проектировании, строительстве и эксплуатации зданий и сооружений в прибрежных зонах возникает серьезная проблема инженерной защиты берегов и склонов от опасных геологических процессов, к которым относятся абразия берегов, подтопление территорий, склоновая эрозия, гравитационные (склоновые) процессы, включая активизацию оползней, и др. В результате таких процессов часто возникает значительный экономический ущерб, связанный с безвозвратной потерей ценных прибрежных территорий, деформациями зданий и сооружений, повреждением и разрушением объектов транспортной и инженерной инфраструктуры. В этой связи изучение передового зарубежного опыта инженерной защиты прибрежных территорий и оценка возможности их использования в России является актуальной научно-технической задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для подготовки обзора использовались: данные натурных наблюдений с фотофиксацией объектов инженерной защиты морских берегов и склонов, полученные авторами в период командировки в Китайскую Народную Республику (КНР) в октябре–ноябре 2023 г.; изучение и анализ литературных источников по исследуемой тематике, включая методы и технологии, применяемые в Нидерландах, Японии, США, Великобритании, Италии; обобщение и систематизация методов берегозащиты для дальнейшей разработки их классификации и оценки возможности использования в РФ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Установлены основные принципы проектирования, современные методы и технологии берегозащиты, применяемые в КНР. К ним относятся: устройство многоуровневых защитных сооружений, включая многорядные волноломы специальной формы в сочетании со ступенчатыми подпорными стенами, вертикальные стены из забивных свай, анкерно-набрызгбетонные покрытия склонов в сочетании с металлическими сетками; террасирование в комбинации с удерживающими перекрестными (горизонтальными и вертикальными) железобетонными балками; пологие железобетонные волногасящие поверхности; защитные сетчатые сооружения и заборы от эоловых процессов и др.</p><p>Определены основные методы, применяемые в Нидерландах, Японии, США, Италии для комплексной защиты больших территорий, включая системы дамб, плотин, волнорезов, мощение берегов, регулирование потоков шлюзами и барьерами, создание искусственных защитных островов; искусственное пополнение песком; зеленые насаждения вдоль побережья; создание дюн — естественных или искусственных возвышенностей из песка или гальки, которые располагаются вдоль побережья; создание бетонных структур, каменных молов, плавучих флотсамов и даже искусственных рифов.</p><p>Отмечена важность организационных мероприятий, включая системы раннего предупреждения о штормах и цунами, системы мониторинга погоды и морских условий, а также распространение предупреждающих сообщений и эвакуационных планов для населения в зоне потенциальной угрозы.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Сформулированы основные выводы по результатам обзора. Даны рекомендации о возможных направлениях совершенствования берегозащиты на Черноморском побережье Кавказа и других прибрежных зон в Российской Федерации на основе передового зарубежного опыта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. During design, construction and operation of buildings and structures in the coastal areas there arises a serious problem of engineering protection of coasts and hillslopes from the dangerous geological processes, which include the coastal erosion, underflooding of territories, hillslope erosion, gravitational (slope) processes, such as intensification of landslides, etc. These processes often result in significant economic damage usually related to the non-recoverable loss of valuable coastal territories, deformation of buildings and structures, damage and destruction of the objects of transport and engineering infrastructure. In this regard, the study of the advanced foreign experience in engineering protection of the coastal areas and the evaluation of the possibility of it to be implemented in Russia is a relevant scientific and engineering task.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To prepare the review, the following data was used: field observation data with photographic evidences of the objects of engineering protection of seashores and hillslopes obtained by the authors during a business trip to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in October–November 2023; study and analysis of literature sources in the subject area, including the methods and technologies implemented in the Netherlands, Japan, the USA, Great Britain, Italy; summary and systematisation of the coastal protection methods for further development of their classification and evaluation of the possibility of implementing thereof in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Research results</title><p>Research results. The main principles of design, the advanced methods and technologies of coastal protection used in China have been defined. They include: construction of the multi-level protective structures, such as the multiple-row breakwaters of special shape in combination with the stepped retaining walls, the vertical walls consisting of the driven piles, anchoring and spray-concrete covering of the slopes in combination with the metal meshes; terracing in combination with the retaining reinforced concrete (horizontal and vertical) crossbeams; the sloping wave-absorbing reinforced concrete surfaces;  the meshy structures and fences combating the Aeolian processes, etc.</p><p>The main methods used in the Netherlands, Japan, the USA and Italy for comprehensive protection of the large territories have been defined. Such as: the network of dams, weirs, wave breakers, coast paving, regulation of the flows by water locks and barriers, creation of the artificial protective islands; artificial replenishment with sand; creation of the green spaces along the coast; forming the dunes — natural or artificial hills of sand or pebbles located along the coast; creation of the concrete structures, stone jetties, floating constructions and even artificial reefs.</p><p>The importance of management was emphasised, including the early warning systems for storms and tsunamis, weather and marine condition monitoring systems, as well as dissemination of the warning messages and evacuation plans among the population in the areas of potential threat.</p><p>Discussion and conclusion. Based on the results of the review, the main conclusions were formulated. The recommendations were given on the possible ways of improving the coastal protection of the Caucasian Black Sea Coast and other coastal areas of the Russian Federation based on the advanced foreign experience.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абразия берегов</kwd><kwd>опасные геологические процессы</kwd><kwd>инженерная защита берегов</kwd><kwd>склоновые процессы</kwd><kwd>волноломы</kwd><kwd>молы</kwd><kwd>террасирование</kwd><kwd>искусственные острова</kwd><kwd>дамбы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coastal erosion</kwd><kwd>hazardous geological processes</kwd><kwd>engineering protection of coasts</kwd><kwd>hillslope processes</kwd><kwd>breakwaters</kwd><kwd>jetties</kwd><kwd>terracing</kwd><kwd>artificial islands</kwd><kwd>dams</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прокопов А.Ю., Акопян В.Ф., Ким Р.В. 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