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Compositional and Microstructural Features of Masonry Mortars of Ingushetia Tower Complexes

https://doi.org/10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-4-55-65

EDN: YZMWOV

Abstract

Introduction. The tower complexes of the Republic of Ingushetia are not only unique historical and architectural monuments, but also monuments to the history of “construction” of the region. In recent years, specialists are particularly interested in the masonry mortars used for bonding the stonework during building-up and repairing the towers. The study of the masonry mortars can provide the specialists the information about the materials used, ancient construction technologies, and, based on microstructural features, the age of the towers or their separate parts, which is especially relevant for the specialists in the field of materials science in construction, history of architecture, restoration and reconstruction of historical and architectural heritage. The aim of the research is to determine the composition of the masonry mortars in tower complexes of the Republic of Ingushetia and, based on the degree of crystallinity of secondary calcite, determine their age.

Materials and Methods. The objects of the research were the samples of masonry mortars taken from the tower complexes of Ehgikal, Targim, Pui, Leimi, Albi-Erdy, Ehrzi and others. The study of the chemical composition of the mortars was carried out according to the methodology of GOST 8269.1-97 “Crushed Stone and Gravel from Dense Rocks and Industrial Waste for Construction Work. Methods of Chemical Analysis”. X-ray diffraction phase analysis was carried out using the ARL X’TRA diffractometer with slit widths of 2-4-1-0.5. Measurement capacity provided by the ARL X’TRA diffractometer: angle range — 5–70°; speed: 5–6 deg/min; voltage — 40 kV; current — 30 mA. Diffractogram decoding was carried out in accordance with the appropriate methods by comparing with the similar studies, as well as with the use of international databases. Mineralogical and petrographic examinations were carried out using optical and digital microscopes of various modifications.

Results. The retrieved author’s research results are presented in the paper. The conducted research made it possible to establish that originally the overwhelming majority of ancient masonry mortars were represented by a mixture of air-setting lime and sand and gravel material or a mixture of air-setting lime and crushed clay slates. It was acknowledged that the degree of crystallinity of secondary calcite differs significantly and depends on the age of the tower stonework.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained within this research can have practical value for carrying out the restoration works, and theoretical value for determining the relative age of the towers and their separate parts, which will significantly help to reconstruct the history of their construction.

About the Author

V. D. Kotlyar
Don State Technical University
Russian Federation

Vladimir D. Kotlyar, Dr.Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Head of the Building Materials Department

authorId=57190970485

ResearcherID AAG-9437-2021

1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003



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For citations:


Kotlyar V.D. Compositional and Microstructural Features of Masonry Mortars of Ingushetia Tower Complexes. Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning. 2024;3(4):55-65. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-4-55-65. EDN: YZMWOV

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