Моделирование сопротивления поперечным силам балок из сверхвысокопрочного бетона инструментами статистического обучения

Введение. Сверхвысокопрочный бетон (СВПБ) сочетает в себе высокую прочность и трещиностойкость, низкую проницаемость, что делает его эффективным для конструкций, эксплуатируемых в условиях действия агрессивных сред и высоких нагрузок. Расширение практики применения СВПБ в строительстве требует разработки соответствующих научно обоснованных методов расчета изготовленных с его применением конструкций. Одним из малоизученных вопросов является сопротивление изгибаемых СВПБ-конструкций действию поперечных сил. В настоящей работе предложены расчетные зависимости для определения прочности наклонных сечений двутавровых балок из СВПБ, разработанные с применением методов машинного обучения. Для регрессий составлены и структурированы обширные экспериментальные выборки с широкими диапазонами параметров, оказывающих влияние на сопротивление поперечным силам.
Материалы и методы. При построении моделей использованы искусственные нейронные сети (ИНС) и методы регрессионного анализа. Для решения задач использован инструментарий программы STATISTICA.
Результаты исследования. Разработаны нелинейные зависимости для инженерных расчетов, позволяющие производить расчет сопротивления СВПБ-балок поперечным силам с учетом влияния пролета среза нагружения и конструктивных параметров, включая геометрию сечения, прочностные характеристики СВПБ, а также коэффициенты фибрового и поперечного стержневого армирования. Результаты подтверждают применимость регрессионных моделей и ИНС для расчетов прочности наклонных сечений СВПБ-балок, как для сложно формализуемой задачи. Достоверность полученных моделей подтверждена статистическим анализом, включая проверку адекватности уравнений регрессии и их сравнение с нормативными методиками расчета.
Обсуждение и заключение. Предложенные формулы позволяют снизить расхождение между теоретическими и экспериментальными данными в сравнении с нормативными методиками до 2,4 раза. Формулы применимы как для расчета балок с неармированными наклонными сечениями, так и для балок с фибровым и поперечным стержневым армированием.

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