Modern Approaches to Studying the Aerodynamic Stability of Complex Curvilinear Buildings

Introduction. Modern architecture is characterized by the extensive use of buildings with complex curvilinear forms that are high expressive yet require tackling new engineering challenges associated with ensuring their aerodynamic stability. Normative methods for calculating wind loads are largely focused on buildings with a simple geometric shape and fail to account for the flow characteristics of free-form shells. This highlights the need to systematize modern approaches to analyzing wind effects on such structures. The aim of the study is to summarize and compare normative, experimental, and numerical methods for assessing the aerodynamic stability of complex-shaped buildings.

Materials and Methods. The object of the study is a building with a biomorphic three-beam structure characterized by smooth contours and a complex spatial topology. In order to analyze its aerodynamic characteristics, numerical simulation of wind flow was performed using the RWIND Simulation software. The study was conducted in order to identify the flow characteristics and distribution of aerodynamic loads on the surface of a complex-shaped building.

Research Results. As a result of the calculations, distributions of the pressure, velocity, and pressure coefficients over a building surface were obtained. Zones of a local pressure increase and dilution were identified in the areas of volume junctions and roof recesses. It was found that the curvilinear form of a building contributes to a reduction in the overall aerodynamic drag; however, it also induces the formation of local vortex structures, which is to be considered in designing façade and roofing systems.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results confirm the effectiveness of applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for analyzing the aerodynamic properties of complex-shaped buildings. The integrated use of normative, experimental, and numerical approaches ensures a more accurate assessment of wind effects and contributes to developing a cutting-edge methodology for designing aerodynamically stable architectural structures.

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