Introduction. To date, there have been extensive experimental data made available in both domestic and foreign scientific literature on the study of displacements and deformations of reinforced concrete walls under the combined action of horizontal load Q and vertical load N. However, there are not enough comprehensive works systematizing the obtained data to be used as an empirical basis for designing more accurate deformation models and engineering calculation methods for walls, allowing differentiated assessment of flexure ∆_{𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒} and shear ∆_{𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟} displacements. This article aims to look into this issue.

Materials and Methods. The object of the study is reinforced concrete walls of buildings and structures under the combined action of horizontal load Q and vertical load N. The subject of the study are the displacements and deformations of the walls. Materials include scientific articles on the topic by foreign authors. The methods being used are formal logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), graphical methods for constructing deformation schemes, and analytical methods of nonlinear structural mechanics.

Research Results. For wall aspect ratios 1.5 < H/B < 2.0, flexure ∆_{𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒} displacements dominate in the total displacement structure ∆, while horizontal sliding displacements ∆_{𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑} amount to about 1% of ∆ and can be neglected. The share of flexure ∆_{𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒} is approximately 98% of ∆ at the initial loading stages. As horizontal load Q increases, the contribution of ∆_{𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒} gradually decreases: to 90% at the moment of crack formation, to 85% at the yielding of vertical reinforcement, and to 80% at the failure stage (when compressed concrete spalls).

For wall aspect ratios 1.0 < H/B < 1.5, shear displacement ∆_shear has a significant influence on the total displacement ∆: its share at the initial loading stages is about 22%, while determining a protective concrete layer — 46%, and reaches 64% at failure. Using the graphs of relative displacements of walls with aspect ratios 1.5 < H/B < 2.0, it was found that at the failure stage, the shares of flexure and shear displacements are 88% and 12% of the total, respectively. Similar graphs obtained for walls with aspect ratios 1.0 < H/B < 1.5 confirmed that ∆_{𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟} significantly affects the total displacement ∆. The share of ∆_shear at initial loading is about 22%, while determining a protective concrete layer — 46%, and reaches 64% at failure.

Discussion and Conclusion. The "X-diagonals" method implemented in a planar calculation scheme allows for highly accurate separation of components caused by flexure and shear deformations from the total displacements. Thanks to this the scheme is a promising tool for further experimental and theoretical studies. We assume that the height of the wall segment where the diagonals are designed should be arbitrary — H_i making this method more universal.

In addition to the planar calculation scheme, a rod (beam) scheme can also be used. The rod calculation scheme of the wall, with known patterns of stiffness parameter changes in the rod end sections (at the locations of plastic hinge formation), is convenient for engineering calculations of frame buildings and structures based on the finite element method in diverse computational complexes.

Introduction. This study looks at the urgent problem of ensuring the seismic resistance of buildings and structures in areas with increased seismic activity. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of existing methods of protection against seismic impacts and the development of innovative design solutions in order to increase the stability of buildings. The study is relevant due to the growing need to protect the population and infrastructure in seismically active regions around the globe.

Materials and Methods. Two major approaches to increasing seismic resistance were considered: the traditional method of increasing structural cross-sections and a special method of reducing load by means of changing the dynamic scheme of the structure. Special attention is paid to the development and analysis of the operation of the fastening unit of the frame using a curved thin-walled plate. Modern methods of mathematical modeling and computer analysis were employed. Research Results. Architectural, planning and constructive solutions for increasing the earthquake resistance of buildings were analyzed. The principles of designing earthquake-resistant buildings to minimize earthquake damage were formulated. The plastic properties of steel as an effective method of absorbing seismic energy were studied. Energyabsorbing devices are classified into five main types: rod-type, annular, tubular, beam-type and shear-type. The design features of energy absorbers, their advantages and disadvantages were thoroughly investigated.

Discussion and Conclusion. A finite element analysis of the stress-strain state of the fastening unit was conducted by means of the Stark ES software package. The results of the analysis enabled us to evaluate the efficiency of the suggested constructive solution. The practical importance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed solutions in the design and construction of earthquake-resistant buildings in areas of increased seismic activity. The suggested methods and designs make it possible to increase the stability of buildings, reduce metal consumption, and easy to replace elements if needed. The developed solutions can be scaled for use in different types of building structures and climatic conditions.

Introduction. Mechanical activation of the dry components of cement composites is utilized in order to increase the initial strength, improve the rheological characteristics of the mixture, as well as to reduce the setting time by increasing the reactivity of the binder. Heat release kinetics of components of cement composites modified by means of mechanical activation methods has been insufficiently investigated and studying its changes is an urgent task. In order to describe heat release kinetics, well-known equations are used relating a degree of hydration and a relative heat release. The aim of this study is to examine heat emission of a mechanically activated cement-sand composition as well as to identify parameters of equations describing heat release kinetics.

Materials and Methods. The investigated mechanically activated composition consists of cement and sand with a weight ratio of 1:2.14, with a specific surface area of 3690.8 cm2/g. Using an isothermal calorimeter, a calorimetric analysis of a mechanically activated cement-sand composition, as well as non-activated cement, was conducted, and heat flux data were obtained.

Research Results. The cement in the composition of the mechanically activated composition was found to be moderately thermal in terms of heat release, with heat release values of 247 J/g and 281 J/g at the age of 3 and 7 days, respectively. During preliminary mechanical activation of the cement-sand composition, the time of the induction period and that to reach 50% of the maximum heat release of cement are reduced by 1.34 and 1.76–1.79 times, respectively.

Discussion and Conclusion. In the course of the study, the heat release kinetics of a mechanically activated cement-sand composition is described. A decrease in the induction period of the hydration process during mechanical activation of cement has been identified confirming the efficiency of mechanical activation of initial dry concrete components. The results can be practically applied in plants for producing dry building mixtures and concretes while introducing the technology of mechanical activation of concrete composite components.

Introduction. The ceramic face brick, which comes with a range of surfaces, shapes and color palettes, is highly sought in the Russian construction market. Engobing is an effective method of color decoration of ceramic bricks, however, an individual selection of an engobe composition for each type of product in a factory setting is critical considering a raw material base used, production modes and a necessary aesthetic solution. In the context of import substitution, the issue of replacing European manufacturers of decorative coatings and organizing the manufacturing of engobes at Russian enterprises has gained relevance. The aim of the study is a comprehensive investigation of the engobing method in order to obtain face bricks with high aesthetic characteristics, stable performance and its introduction into production in view of the domestic construction market.

Materials and Methods. For the experiments, two types of 1NF face bricks with a smooth surface were selected as the basic products for applying an angular layer: red and brown one produced by means of the plastic molding technology. The compositions of engobes for decoration were developed using frit from the Dulevsky Paint Factory in three main colors: whitebeige, brown and graphite. Laboratory studies of engobe coatings, semi-industrial tests of compositions with various options for applying to bricks, as well as of the properties of finished products were performed as part of the research.

Research Results. As a result, 8 compositions of engobes were developed and approved that after burning provided a defect-free and durable coating of the spoon and poke surfaces of the bricks, and methods of applying engobes were set forth for aesthetic expressiveness of the product itself as well as the brickwork.

Discussion and Conclusion. One of the brick factories in the south of Russia was tasked with developing non-ferrous cast compositions considering studies and analysis of global trends in brick design and consumer demand as well as with decorating ceramic face bricks in production conditions. These experiments were successfully implemented in production, which boosted the volume of products sold in the construction market of the south of the Russian Federation, expanded architectural and design possibilities for new planning solutions. The results obtained in the field of brick color decoration are in alignment with the factory parameters, marketing goals as well as economically profitable allowing for expansion of the range of manufactured and sought products in the domestic construction market.

Introduction. The article examines the issues related to the amendments to the housing legislation that came into force on April 1, 2024 regarding regulating relations for reconstruction and redevelopment of premises in apartment buildings. The topic is relevant as the changes made in scientific and educational literature have not been properly comprehended. The aims of the work include the analysis of legislative innovations and development of proposals for improving the standards of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

Materials and Methods. The object of the research is the legal institute of reconstruction and redevelopment, its relationship with reconstruction and with the system of technological inventory of the housing stock. The following methods are used: general scientific (dialectical materialistic), specific scientific (logical (analysis, synthesis), concrete historical, systematic method) and other scientific discovery methods.

Research Results. The paper sets forth specific proposals for changing the standards of the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation in order to eliminate the problems of legal regulation of reconstruction and redevelopment.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study hold a promise of being implemented into the current housing legislation and enable us to improve the mechanism of legal regulation of reconstruction and redevelopment.

Introduction. Modern computer-aided design (CAD) systems make use of digital information models (DIM) depending on the aims of a project. According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 614, Section 7, Subsection D, the use of information modeling technologies (IMT) does not always imply designing a DIM. However, making sure DIM attribute data are in compliance with a customer’s requirements or those of expert evaluation remains time-consuming and prone to technical errors. The relevance of the study is due to the need automated DIM parameter matching based on the technical specification requirements, which would reduce time costs and improve the quality of uploading the model. The study looks into the problem of the lack of tools for automated parameter matching based on machine-readable requirements. The aim of the study is to develop an application providing programmatic comparison of CIM attribute data in compliance with the technical specification requirements.

Materials and Methods. The software solution is being developed for a range of CAD systems, such as Renga Professional, CADLib "Model and Archive", Autodesk Revit. The article examines methods for generating parameter matching files specifically for Renga Professional. Throughout the study the following software was used: Renga Professional, Visual Studio Code, BimVision. In order to develop the application and algorithms, the Python programming language was used with the following libraries: PyQt6, openpyxl, et_xmlfile.

Research Results. A software solution has been developed that enables one to automatically match the DIM attribute data with the specified ones based on machine-readable requirements. The application provides the conversion of machinereadable requirements into a machine-readable DIM attribute data mapping file. Testing has shown a reduction in the time required to create parameter matching files in comparison with manual file generation. The resulting tool has the flexibility of implementation allowing one to upload existing requirements, as well as create one’s own and use them while uploading a model.

Discussion and Conclusion. From a practical standpoint the resulting application is highly significant for an investment and construction project, where, while designing a DIM in compliance with the current regulations, it is necessary to make use of an open standard for the data presentation format - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The application allows one to minimize routine operations while designing a DIM from a proprietary format into the IFC format. The research is promising as its future directions include expanding the functionality to be able to work with additional data formats and integration with other BIM platforms. The research results contribute to the development of methods for automated processing of DIM requirements.

Introduction. The construction industry has a major role to play in the global economy due to its multiplier effect, high volatility and complexity of production relations, however, existing risk management techniques, particularly those at the stage of investment justification, are still insufficiently developed. The aim of the study is to systematize modern ap proaches to risk-based lifecycle management of construction facilities, identifying gaps and promising areas of develop ment, including the use of digital technologies. The main tasks include an analysis of the regulatory framework, a review of risk assessment methods and development of strategies for minimizing them for different types of real estate.

Materials and Methods. A comprehensive bibliometric study of modern approaches to construction risk management using VOSviewer software has been performed. The most authoritative publications from the international Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as prominent Russian scientific papers, have been selected to be analyzed. The study covered peer-reviewed articles, monographs, and dissertations from the last decade for a representative sample. Special attention is paid to a critical analysis of methodological approaches to risk assessment at the pre-project stage, where traditional methods show the greatest limitations. The study makes use of a systematic approach combining a quantitative analysis of publication activity with a qualitative assessment of the research content. On top of that, successful cases of the introduction of modern risk-oriented practices in real construction projects are explored.

Research Results. The analysis has enabled the key trends in the field of construction risk management over the past decade to be identified. The results of the analysis are indicative of a stable relationship between the quality of the risk management system and success of construction projects, which comes to the fore while investigating modern digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning methods that are increasingly used for processing large amounts of data in the construction industry. The greatest methodological difficulties are faced with at the stage of investment justification, where traditional expert approaches require mandatory addition of digital analysis tools as con firmed by the practical cases of implementation of risk-oriented approaches explored in the study. The development of adaptive techniques is particularly relevant that takes into account both traditional types of construction risks and new challenges associated with the digital transformation of the industry and taking into account ESG factors, while bridging the existing gap between scientific developments and their practical implementation is becoming a major condition for successful modernization of risk management, which calls for taking coordinated actions by all involved in the construc tion industry and improving the regulatory framework in compliance with modern technological capacities.

Discussion and Conclusion. The bibliometric analysis has displayed the transition from traditional risk management methods to digital solutions, while indicating the continuing gap between theory and practice, particularly at the stage of investment justification. Modern approaches are actively integrating BIM, decision support systems and AI, but there is a problem of the lack of qualified employees. Hybrid methods combining expert assessments with machine learning and considering new risk factors such as sanctions and environmental requirements are becoming particularly relevant, which calls for modernization of the regulatory framework and professional standards.

Introduction. The global practice of implementing investment projects distinguishes EPC and EPCM contracts as the most promising strategies for implementing complex infrastructure and industrial projects. In Russia, the EPC contracting scheme is the most common one in the oil and gas industry, largely in implementing foreign projects in the Russian Federation. In other industries, the development of the EPC market in the Russian Federation is in its infancy. The article looks into the problems during implementing investment and construction projects in People’s Republic of China and which should be considered in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to identify the existing problems of the EPC contract and set forth some ways of addressing them.

Materials and Methods. A comparative analysis of the construction project management methodology based on signing an EPC contract has been performed.

Research Results. Based on the analysis of the problems of controlling the budget of the EPC contract in China, a methodological guide for working with the budget of the EPC contract has been developed.

Discussion and Conclusion. Enterprises that have signed an EPC contract need, most importantly, to standardize the project's budgeting management system, to improve project change management, to optimize supply chain management of material resources, to develop an algorithm of addressing the problem of exceeding the budget limit and to improve the budget assessment mechanism accounting for the current actual situation. It is assumed that owing to the above measures, the effectiveness of budget control of general contracting enterprises of EPC contracts will be enhanced.