Опубликован 30 сентября 2022
Introduction. In the current realia of limited resources, high level of competition and high degree of market uncertainty the use of the modern information technologies at all stages of the construction investment project life cycle aimed at facilitating the construction companies in fulfilling their tasks becomes a priority. The implementation of BIM technologies is possible at all stages of a construction project life cycle. This is its advantage over traditional project management tools. The use of BIM technologies makes it possible to add and accumulate information about a capital construction facility in a 3D virtual model throughout the entire life cycle of the project. In this regard, it is possible to optimize such important managerial processes as planning, designing, supply chain management, building and erecting, equipment installment and commissioning of the completed facility. Thanks to using the virtual model, it is possible to control and coordinate the progress of works in all areas and at all stages of the project.
Materials and methods. This study considers the possibility of forming and executing all stages of the construction investment projects using BIM technologies, including analysis and forecasting of the facility’s subsequent operation. The use of BIM technologies in the development of the construction investment projects makes it possible to reduce the risk of errors, quickly revise the design and extract the necessary data about the facility, as well as facilitate work progress monitoring.
Results. Life cycle management of a construction project using BIM technologies includes five main stages that save not only time but also financial resources required for implementing the project. The BIM model ensures the accumulation of information about the facility in a scope and composition appropriate for making timely managerial decisions, as well as helps to avoid incorrect calculations of time, labor, finance and other resources demand, the same as inconsistencies between the structural elements of a facility and its engineering infrastructure.
The use of a BIM model makes it possible to accurately plan the operation of machines and equipment, generate up-todate schedules for procurement of materials and optimize the main logistics processes within construction and operation.
Discussion and conclusion. At present, the context and tradition of BIM technologies application in Russia are underdeveloped, their full potential is not used. In most domestic projects there is no integrate application of BIM. The transition to application of BIM technologies in the construction investment projects in Russia will still require some time. However, taking into account the scale and complexity of ongoing projects, the positive effect of BIM technologies implementation will increase encouraging more and more participants of construction investment market to turn to the use of modern technologies. The use of BIM technologies at all stages of construction projects life cycle will significantly contribute to boosting the level of process management, ensuring the high quality of construction products, reducing costs and time of construction. The implementation of BIM technologies at all stages of facilities entire life cycle is an important aid which will greatly foster the transformation of the construction industry in the context of its digitalization.
Introduction. Among the construction companies production and business activities the significant efforts are allocated to the construction processes optimisation. Problems related to the untimely supply of material and labor resources cause a construction company the non-production costs and losses. In order to manage the activities of a construction company the organisational and technological models are used to plan construction processes in correlation with the use of material, financial and labor resources. However, the huge amount of provided information prevents from qualitative and timely feedback to the changing conditions. The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of artificial intelligence technology application to the process of modeling the construction company activities.
Materials and methods. The methods of comparative analysis and synthesis of the information referring to the construction processes modeling were used. The main problems arising in the process of organisational and technological models management and the consequences of inefficient construction management were analysed.
Results. As a result of the research, it was proposed to transfer the development of optimal organisational and technological models capable of forecasting the quantity and delivery time of all types of resources to the artificialintelligence systems. Mostly preferred method seems to be the integration of digital twin technology and artificial intelligence. This approach allows changing the physical model of construction production via virtual space of the digital twin model. Visualization of the organisational and technological construction model elements as well as work in real time, having various scenarios calculated, will significantly increase the efficiency of a construction company.
Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed approach on improvement of the organisational and technological modeling based on the aggregation of digital twin technology with machine data processing can be considered just the first step in implementation of artificial intelligence in the construction industry, giving start to digital transformation of construction.
Introduction. The paper presents experimental data on the change in the values of relative deformations of composite materials of external reinforcement, measured during testing of reinforced concrete pillars. In experimental studies, transverse and longitudinal composite reinforcement was studied, consisting of carbon fabric and carbon laminates (carbon rods). The experimental values of relative strains in composite reinforcement materials make it possible to determine the zones of the most and least stressed sections of composite materials. The purpose of this study is to determine the zones of the most and least loaded areas of composite reinforcement of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete pillars. This is necessary to create new schemes for the most efficient amplification options. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were completed: five reinforced concrete pillars were manufactured and tested; during the test, strain gauges were glued, which made it possible to determine changes in the relative deformations of composite materials at all levels of loading; all data of relative deformations of composite materials were processed, analyzed and presented in the form of graphs.
Materials and methods. In the process of testing reinforced concrete flexible struts, data were obtained on the change in relative deformations in composite materials. The measurements were made by strain gauges with a base of 2 cm glued along the fibers of the composite reinforcement. The zones for measuring relative deformations were chosen according to the nature of the work of the composite material. In total, the work considered the results of testing five reinforced concrete racks, in which carbon fiber fabrics were located in the transverse direction, and carbon rods and lamellas were located in the longitudinal direction.
Results. As a result of the study, data on changes in the relative deformations of composite materials were obtained, while the sensors located on the transverse clamps work approximately the same with a relative deformation not exceeding 1.8×10-3. Such deformations are significantly lower than the limiting ones, which is evidence of the incompatibility of the existing structure and the reinforcement material at the limiting stages of loading. With a large gap between the composite clamps, the reinforcement elements practically do not work and the limiting deformations do not exceed 0.6×10-3.
Discussion and Conclusions. As a result of processing the change in relative strains characterizing the stress level of composite materials, conclusions were drawn that allow us to state that in the compressed zone the maximum strain does not reach the limit values for composite materials, therefore, the number of transverse reinforcement layers can be reduced. For composite materials located in the longitudinal direction, premature destruction of composite lamellas was established, which made it possible to conclude that there was no joint work of reinforcement materials and concrete of the structure at ultimate breaking loads.
Introduction. Data on elements of heat supply systems of the Russian Federation (heat sources, heating networks) are given as well as the main energy characteristics. The main problems in the industry are indicated. It is concluded that it is necessary to optimize the operation of heat supply systems in all its links and at all stages of the life cycle.
Materials and Methods. For optimal control of thermal power systems, the authors consider it expedient to create a digital information model of each element of the system at each stage of the life cycle, including:
- three-dimensional engineering digital terrain model;
- three-dimensional engineering digital model of heating networks, taking into account adjacent communications and structures;
- operational digital model of the heat supply system on the platform of the geoinformation software complex Zulu21. The technology of data exchange in IFC format between software complexes is given. The necessity of verification of the operational model using the data of field measurements on the physical model of the heat supply system is indicated.
Results. The creation of a digital information 6D model of the heat supply system allows you to move to a higher level: intelligent dynamic control of a complex energy system (neurocontrol). The SCADA software package in online mode collects the necessary information (temperature, pressure, coolant flow) from sensors installed at characteristic points of the system. All information is transmitted to Zulu, a software package with built-in support for OPC technology to receive data from a SCADA system. The received data is fed into the ZuluGis software package, which includes the ZuluThermo module, with a loaded digital information model of the heat supply system. The actual thermal and hydraulic modes of the system are calculated in the module. Data on the optimal and actual thermal-hydraulic modes are transmitted to the neurofeedback unit for comparison and management decisionmaking. The decision is transmitted to the appropriate controller to initialize actions to change a parameter.
Discussion and Conclusions. A technology for developing a digital information model for elements of a heat supply system at all stages of its life cycle is proposed. The creation of a digital information 6D model of the heat supply system allows you to move to a higher level: intelligent dynamic control of a complex energy system (neurocontrol). The use of intelligent control makes it possible to improve the quality of decisions made, significantly increase the energy efficiency of heat supply systems and the quality of services provided to the end user.
Introduction. It is known that the solution of a problem in elasticity theory is possible based on displacements, stresses, as well as mixed method. The most common is the displacement-based finite element method (FEM), however, it has its imperfections. The aim of this article is to study the features of numerical solution of a stress-based plane elasticity problem using the finite difference method (FDM) as a possible alternative to the FEM. The options for choosing the force method principal system are considered aiming to obtain the boundary conditions in calculating a rectangular beamwall by the grid method along with the influence thereof on the final result during stresses calculation.
Materials and methods. The calculation of a rectangular beam-wall is made in Balka-Stenka software developed in DSTU. Comparison between a solution made by the finite difference method and a solution made by the displacementbased finite element method is made in the LIRA-SAPR software. The accuracy of calculations is determined by performing the static balance tests of the cut-off part of a structure. For the structure under consideration, the choice of five options of the force method principal system (FMРS) is analysed.
Results. For the first time the conclusion was made that in contrast to the calculation of bar systems, the choice of FMРS does not significantly affect the final stress values in solving a plane elasticity problem.
Discussion and conclusion. The comparison of calculation results made by the displacement-based finite element method and by the finite difference method showed some advantages of the latter. The finite difference method can act as an alternative to the displacement-based finite element method in solving a plane elasticity problem on condition of automation of the process of building the internal forces epures in a wall beam-wall contour.